Public debate is a form of communication characterized by the presentation and defense of arguments. Debates are a common feature of politics, and are often held to discuss issues of public interest. Some examples include political candidate debates, which are a central part of the electoral process in many democracies around the world. In addition to this, debates are commonly used to address questions of general policy concern.
Generally, debates are defended on the grounds that they provide deliberative, epistemic or political benefits. However, it is important to consider the balance of these factors when initiating public debate activities. If not approached carefully, it is possible that debates may do more harm than good by reinforcing stereotypes or engendering distrust.
The first step to a successful debate is to ensure that all panelists have the same reference point for their answers – this is why it is crucial to have the opening speech. In this speech, the moderator presents each speaker’s bases and views on the topic to help the audience understand where they are coming from.
After the introductions, each team of speakers gives a summary and an argumentative speech. Then comes the crossfire, where each speaker defends their arguments against attacks by the other side, using logic & evidence. Finally, the second refutation speaker rebuts the first constructive speaker.
Each round is adjudicated by a judge, and the goal of each competitor is to convince the judge to accept or reject their resolution. Each judge has their own preferences which are listed on their judging paradigm. For example, some judges prefer a fast paced competition while others are more traditional. It is the responsibility of debaters to adapt their style of arguing to the judge’s preferences.